Preliminary analysis reveals surge in mycotoxin contamination in US corn

A recent preliminary analysis by Alltech has uncovered a significant increase in mycotoxin contamination in corn silage samples across the United States for the 2024 harvest, raising concerns for livestock producers. The analysis indicates that all samples tested contained two or more mycotoxins, reflecting a troubling trend that could impact feed quality and animal health.

Mycotoxins, natural toxins produced by molds and fungi, are becoming increasingly prevalent in agricultural commodities. The analysis shows that over 95% of crops are contaminated with at least one mycotoxin, often more, making them difficult to detect and potentially harmful to livestock before producers realize their presence.

Dr. Max Hawkins, technical support manager with Alltech’s mycotoxin management team, highlighted the role of weather patterns in this year’s mycotoxin risk. "The precipitation over the upper Midwest started early, leading to delayed planting or the need for replanting in many areas. This excess moisture stimulates Fusarium mold growth, which produces mycotoxins such as type B trichothecenes, emerging mycotoxins, and zearalenone," he explained.

Key findings from the analysis

The analysis revealed alarming statistics:

• The average number of mycotoxins per sample increased from 5.3 in 2023 to 8.3 in 2024.
• The risk equivalent quantity (REQ)—a measure of cumulative mycotoxin risk in feed—rose from 122.7 in 2023 to 201.6 in 2024, indicating a higher risk level for livestock.
• Type B trichothecenes saw a sharp rise in contamination, with average concentrations reaching 1,863 parts per billion (ppb) compared to 1,014 ppb in 2023. The maximum levels reported were as high as 43,717 ppb.
• Zearalenone levels also surged, with averages at 102 ppb and maximums hitting 2,134 ppb, up from 28 ppb and 1,171 ppb, respectively, in the previous year.

Implications for livestock producers

The increase in mycotoxins, particularly those associated with Fusarium molds, poses a serious risk to livestock health. Type B trichothecenes and zearalenone can adversely affect animal performance, reproduction, and overall health, particularly in monogastric species like pigs and poultry.

With the corn harvest progressing, Alltech expects more samples to arrive at their laboratory, revealing ongoing trends in mycotoxin risk. The analysis indicates that the risk intensifies as one moves eastward, aligning with rainfall patterns that have favored the growth of these harmful molds.

Upcoming resources for producers

To help producers navigate these challenges, Alltech will host a live broadcast titled “From Field to Feed: 2024 Crop and Mycotoxin Analysis” on November 21 at 10:00 a.m. Eastern Time. This session will cover global weather impacts on crops, preliminary harvest results, trends in trade and supply chains, and practical tips for optimizing feed decisions.

Producers are encouraged to register online at Alltech's Harvest Analysis page to participate in the broadcast and gain access to the full Harvest Analysis program.