Copper supply in ruminants presents a unique challenge. Known in general as being copper-sensitive species, they are prone to the effects of oversupply leading to toxicity. Despite this, ruminants also experience interactions which can prevent copper in their diet from being effectively absorbed and used by the body, which also makes them susceptible to the effects of deficiency.
The rumen creates a unique biological environment. It holds a delicate equilibrium with the millions of microflora which inhabit it and rely on the environment it creates for survival, while in turn, fermenting and catabolizing the components of the ruminant’s diet and producing byproducts essential for the animal’s survival. Prior to developing full rumen function, young ruminants are able to absorb approximately 75% of their dietary copper, similar to monogastric species. However, once the rumen is fully developed, there is a remarkable drop, down to less than 10% of dietary intake; this significant drop is attributed to interactions which take place in the rumen.
